Philosophy
is the discipline concerned with
the questions of how one should
live; what sorts of things exist
and what are their essential natures;
what counts as genuine knowledge;
and what are the correct principles
of reasoning.
Though
no definition of philosophy is
uncontroversial, and the field
has historically expanded and
changed depending upon what kinds
of questions were interesting
or relevant in a given era, it
is generally agreed that philosophy
is a method, rather than a set
of claims, propositions, or theories.
Its investigations are based upon
reason, striving to make no unexamined
assumptions and no leaps based
on faith or pure analogy. Different
philosophers have had differing
ideas about the nature of reason,
and there is also disagreement
about the subject matter of philosophy.
Some think that philosophy examines
the process of inquiry itself.
Others, that there are essentially
philosophical propositions which
it is the task of philosophy to
prove. Although the word "philosophy"
originates in the Western tradition,
many figures in the history of
other cultures have addressed
similar topics in similar ways.
The philosophers of the Far East
are discussed in Eastern philosophy,
while the philosophers of North
Africa and the Near East, because
of their strong interactions with
Europe, are usually considered
part of Western Philosophy.
|